Terms and FAQ
Actuator
The motor arm that moves the dish on a polar mount from side to side. The motor usually runs on 36 volts DC.
Az/El mount
A manual satellite dish mount, where you have to adjust the elevation and azimuth manually independent of each other (up/down and sideways).
C-band
3700 to 4200 MHz frequency band (3.7 to 4.2 GHz)
DVB
Digital Video Broadcast, an international MPEG2 encoding and transmission standard. This system is not compatible with DCII transmission.
FEC
Forward Error Correction, a way of transmitting the same data twice in case some of the data was lost the first time. This is useful under weak signal conditions.
Feed horn
A circular opening located at the focus point of the dish. Radio waves enter the opening and is guided down the feed horn. The radio waves will be picked up by an LNB or LNA connected to the feed horn.
Footprint
The coverage area of a satellite transmission. It defines a region on the surface of the earth where the signal is receivable. A satellite can have several beams (footprints) with many different coverage areas.
Frequency
The number of waves per second in a radio wave.
kHz - 1000 waves per second
MHz - 1000000 waves per second
GHz - 1000000000 waves per second
Gain
Power of amplification, or amount of amplification, often measured in dB. Negative gain is loss of signal.
Geostationary
An orbit around the equator of the earth where objects (satellites) seems to be standing still in relationship with a fixed point on earth. The satellites seems to be standing still in the s**. They are of course moving at the same rate as earth\'s rotation, one revolution per 24 hours.
H-to-H mount
A special satellite dish mount that will track satellites down to the horizon, both in the east and west. The dish has a travel range of 180 degrees.
Ku-band
11.700 to 12.200 GHz (US)
10.600 to 12.900 GHz (Europe)
12.200 to 12.700 GHz (DBS)
LNB
Low Noise Block down converter, a device that amplifies and converts a block of frequencies to a lower block of frequencies. The LNB is an active device placed at the focus point of the dish.
LO
Local Oscillator, a circuit in the LNB(F) or LNC. It determines how much the frequency is downconvertet by in the LNB(F) or LNC. Standard LO for C-band is 5150 MHz, and 10.750 GHz for Ku-band.
MPEG
Motion Pictures Expert Group, a digital compression standard for audio and video.
Noise Figure
The amount of noise a device is generation on its own. Lower noise is better, and is often a measurement of the quality of a LNB, LNA or LNBF.
Offset dish
A dish where the focal point is not in the center of the dish. This is common on Ku dishes, and the offset angle is often 30 degrees. The reason for using the offset dish is that the LNB and feed is not creating a shadow on the dish, thereby giving higher efficient of the dish. When the dish edge is vertically, seen from the side of the dish, it is actually looking at an angle of 30 degrees upwards.
PID
Packet IDentification, a header in a packet of data telling what the data is for.
Polarity
Radio waves are polarized. They can be linear or circular. Linear polarity is Vertical or Horizontal, circular polarity is Righ-hand and Left-hand circular polarity.
Polarizer
A device that selects the received polarization of the radio waves. It can be a small motor turning the pickup probe, or done electronically in an LNBF.
Polarmount
A special satellite dish mount that setup correctly will track all the satellites in a geostationary arc in the s**, from east to west. Only movement sideways is necessary, the up/down adjustment is done by the polarmount itself.
Reed Sensor
Used in actuators and dish motors to report back the movements of the dish. A counter in the motor control unit can tell where the dish is pointing, and the information can be stored and retrieved when you want to move the dish to a specific satellite. Only two wires are required to connect the sensor.
Scrambling
A way of distorting the picture or sound so it is not viewable. A descrambler is needed to receive the correct signal. This is used to transmit audio and video securely, or to get payment for the service.
SR
Symbol Rate, the amount of data transmitted every second.
Transponder
A satellite channel with an assigned frequency and polarity.
14/18 volt switch
A change in the voltage on the LNB coax cable. This change of voltage can control the polarity in a LNBF, or switch other devices on the coax cable.
22kHz switch
A tone that can be sent via the LNB coax. This tone can control the LNB or switches on the coax cable.
DiSEqC
digital satellite Equipment Control.
MPEG
Moving pictures Expert Group.
C/N
Carrier to Noice-ratio.
NTSC
National Television Standards Committe.
SECAM
SEquential Couleur A Memorie.
PAL
Phase Alternating Lines.
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AU = Auto Update
BIN = File extension for binary file format
CAM = Conditional Access Module
CoCo= Country Code.
ECM = Entitlement Control Message also known by pirates as Electronic Counter Measure
EMM = Entitlement Management Message
EEPROM = Electrically Eraseable Programmable Read Only
Emulator=Programme that takes signals sent down from the satellite to the decoder, decrypts them and replies with specific answers to decrypt the signal.
HEX = File extension for Hexadecimal file format
HSN= Hex Serial Number
HMK= Hex Master Key
Logger = Computer program or hardware which enables the monitoring of traffic from satellite to card and card to decoder
MK = Management / Master Key
MOSC = Modified Original Smart Card
PK= Plain (unencrypted) Key
PCB = Printed Circuit Board
PIC = Programmable Intergrated Circuit
PPUA = Program Provider Users Address
PPV = Pay Per View
RU = Remote Update
UA = Unique Address
GW = Gold Wafer (smartcard)
T24
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HOW TO USE ELVIS PROGRAMMER.
Click on power button.
Choose the com port that your Elvis is connected to
To program a Funcards:
Click the Funcard tab
In the window with the scroll bar top left click on one of the empty spaces and give your
project a name.
Click in the card window "top right" and choose the type of Fun card
(24C64,24C128,24C256...) you want to program
If you are programming a 6in1 tick the Flash and EXT ee,now click the load button
underneath the Flash check box and load you Flash.hex then click the load button
underneath the EXT ee check box and load your EEprom.hex, click the program button your
card will now be programmed.
If you are programming a hex that requires the Internal EEprom to be programmed like
"Funvia" tick the INT EE box and click the load button underneath and load your internal
EEprom before you press the program button
To program a Piccards:
Click the Piccard tab
In the window with the scroll bar top left click on one of the empty spaces and give your
project a name
Click in the card window "top right" and choose the type of card you want to program (Gold,
Silver,Green or Blue)
Click the load button under Where it says Pic,and load your pic.hex
Tick the EXT EE check box, click the load button directly below and load your EEprom.hex
Press the Program button to program your card
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HOW TO USE CARDPRO
PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE FOR MULTIPR2000
SETUP
Connect the supplied serial cable to your com port on pc.
Connect the ps2 connector to the PS2 port on your pc. If you already have a device on the PS2 port simply connect the device through the PS2 splitter provided. You can now use your old PS2 device and the Multipro with disconnecting.
The POWER led should now be on . If not check your connections.
Copy the programming software CARDPRO.EXE from the disc to a new folder.
CARDPRO is a windows program and will operate using WIN95/98/2000/ME/XP.
TO PROGRAM A FUN CARD (ATMEL 8515 +LC64)
Fun cards can need up to 3 files for full programming . Sometimes only 2 files
are given .The 3 areas of a fun card for programming are:
(1) FLASH AREA
(2) INTERNAL EEPROM
(3) EXTERNAL EEPROM
The MULTIPR2000 will accept hex files and bin files . Crd files can also be
used but we will discuss them later.
Download the files you want to program the card with . You should have a main
file (FLASH FILE) they are almost always called xxxxflash.hex
You should also have an EXTERNAL EEPROM file with a .bin or .hex or .crd
extension. You may also have an internal eeprom file.
If you only have 2 files don't worry you don't need the internal eep file.
Now run CARDPRO and select the card type from the drop down box .
Select FUNCARD.
Click the box for flash memory and highlight the flash file you want to use.
If you have an INTERNAL EEPROM file then click the INTERNAL EEPROM
BOX and high light the file you want to use.
Do the same for the last option EXTERNAL EEPROM .
Insert the FUN CARD in the programmer with the contacts facing down . Click on
the WRITE option at the bottom .You fun card will now be programmed with your
files .
If you have a FLASH file and .crd file simply select the flash as in the section
above. And select your .crd file for the EXTERNAL EEPROM option then press the
WRITE button and the card will be programmed.
TO PROGRAM A GOLD CARD (PIC F84 +LC 64)
Gold card files usually consist of a main flash file and a eeprom
file. The main file holds the program and the eeprom holds the keys.
Select PIC/WAFERCARD F84 in the drop down box.
Select the main file for FLASH MEMORY option.
Select the eep file for the EXTERNAL EEPROM option.
Cardpro will accept .hex or .bin files.
If you want to protect the f84 select the CP option.
Now select WRITE and CARDPRO will program your card.
TO PROGRAM A SILVER CARD (PICF877/786 +LC 64
Select the PICCARD2 option from the drop down box.
Select the main file for FLASH MEMORY option.
Select the eeprom file for EXTERNAL EEPROM option.
Select WRITE and CARDPRO will program your card with the selected files.
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HOW TO PROGRAM A TITANIUM.
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Converting MM to MR Or MR to MM using CAS 2
Insert CAM into CAS 2
Erase All
Click Xilinx
Load Matrix.cas or Magic.cas
Load BIN file from Xamuh files-MR 107 or penta 1.09 for instance
when completed take out the cam,put into receiver,let it initialize.
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